skip to main content
10.1145/3643834.3661515acmconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PagesdisConference Proceedingsconference-collections
research-article
Open access

Mediating Culture: Cultivating Socio-cultural Understanding of AI in Children through Participatory Design

Published: 01 July 2024 Publication History

Abstract

The surge in access to and awareness of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) such as ChatGPT has sparked discussion over the necessary technological literacies and competencies needed to effectively engage with these systems. In this context, we explore AI as a tool that mediates cultural understanding and remediates human values – that are often influenced by biases and inequities. Using participatory design for learning with a group of 13 children (ages 8-13), we engaged in five co-design sessions featuring different modalities for socio-cultural approaches to AI literacy. We found that children were more aware of the cultural mediation aspect of AI when the content of the interaction aligned with their cultural background and context. This underscored the significance of aligning the representation of culture in these GenAI systems with people’s socio-cultural ecosystems in modern technological literacies. We conclude with design principles for a more critical and holistic approach to AI literacy.

References

[1]
Safinah Ali, Blakeley H Payne, Randi Williams, Hae Won Park, and Cynthia Breazeal. 2019. Constructionism, ethics, and creativity: Developing primary and middle school artificial intelligence education. In International workshop on education in artificial intelligence k-12 (eduai’19) (Palo Alto, California), Vol. 2. Proceedings of IJCAI 2019, 1–4. https://www.media.mit.edu/publications/constructionism-ethics-and-creativity/
[2]
Patrícia Alves-Oliveira, Patrícia Arriaga, Ana Paiva, and Guy Hoffman. 2017. YOLO, a Robot for Creativity: A Co-Design Study with Children. In Proceedings of the 2017 Conference on Interaction Design and Children (Stanford, California, USA) (IDC ’17). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 423–429. https://doi.org/10.1145/3078072.3084304
[3]
Refik Anadol. 2022. Refik Anadol on AI Algorithms, and the Machine as Witness. The Museum of Modern Art. https://www.moma.org/magazine/articles/821
[4]
Rahul Bhargava, Ricardo Kadouaki, Emily Bhargava, Guilherme Castro, and Catherine D’Ignazio. 2016. Data Murals: Using the Arts to Build Data Literacy. The Journal of Community Informatics 12, 3 (Oct. 2016). https://doi.org/10.15353/joci.v12i3.3285
[5]
J. David Bolter Bolter and Richard A. Grusin Grusin. 1999. Remediation: Understanding New Media. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
[6]
Simone Borsci, Ville V. Lehtola, Francesco Nex, Michael Ying Yang, Ellen-Wien Augustijn, Leila Bagheriye, Christoph Brune, Ourania Kounadi, Jamy Li, Joao Moreira, Joanne Van Der Nagel, Bernard Veldkamp, Duc V. Le, Mingshu Wang, Fons Wijnhoven, Jelmer M. Wolterink, and Raul Zurita-Milla. 2019. Embedding Artificial Intelligence in Society: Looking beyond the EU AI Master Plan Using the Culture Cycle. AI & SOCIETY 38, 4 (2019), 1465–1484. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-021-01383-x
[7]
Richard E. Boyatzis. 1998. Transforming Qualitative Information: Thematic Analysis and Code Development. Sage Publications, Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA, US. xvi, 184 pages.
[8]
Margaret M. Bradley and Peter J. Lang. 1999. Affective norms for English words (ANEW): Instruction manual and affective ratings. Technical Report. Technical Report C-1, The Center for Research in Psychophysiology, University of Florida.
[9]
Levin Brinkmann, Fabian Baumann, Jean-François Bonnefon, Maxime Derex, Thomas F. Müller, Anne-Marie Nussberger, Agnieszka Czaplicka, Alberto Acerbi, Thomas L. Griffiths, Joseph Henrich, Joel Z. Leibo, Richard McElreath, Pierre-Yves Oudeyer, Jonathan Stray, and Iyad Rahwan. 2023. Machine Culture. Nature Human Behaviour 7, 11 (2023), 1855–1868. Issue 11. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-023-01742-2
[10]
Urie Bronfenbrenner. 1977. Toward an Experimental Ecology of Human Development.American Psychologist 32 (1977), 513–531. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.32.7.513
[11]
David Buckingham. 2003. Media education: literacy, learning, and contemporary culture. Polity Press, Malden, MA.
[12]
Lorena Casal-Otero, Alejandro Catala, Carmen Fernández-Morante, Maria Taboada, Beatriz Cebreiro, and Senén Barro. 2023. AI Literacy in K-12: A Systematic Literature Review. International Journal of STEM Education 10, 1 (2023), 29. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40594-023-00418-7
[13]
Francisco Enrique Vicente Castro, Kayla DesPortes, William Payne, Yoav Bergner, and Kathleen McDermott. 2022. AI + Dance: Co-Designing Culturally Sustaining Curricular Resources for AI and Ethics Education Through Artistic Computing. In Proceedings of the 2022 ACM Conference on International Computing Education Research - Volume 2 (Lugano and Virtual Event, Switzerland) (ICER ’22). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 26–27. https://doi.org/10.1145/3501709.3544275
[14]
Merijke Coenraad. 2022. “That’s what techquity is”: youth perceptions of technological and algorithmic bias. Information and Learning Sciences 123, 7/8 (Jan. 2022), 500–525. https://doi.org/10.1108/ILS-03-2022-0024
[15]
Aayushi Dangol and Sayamindu Dasgupta. 2023. Constructionist approaches to critical data literacy: A review. In Proceedings of the 22nd Annual ACM Interaction Design and Children Conference (Chicago, IL, USA) (IDC ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 112–123. https://doi.org/10.1145/3585088.3589367
[16]
Harry Daniels. 2015. Mediation: An expansion of the socio-cultural gaze. History of the Human Sciences 28, 2 (2015), 34–50. https://doi.org/10.1177/0952695114559994
[17]
Peter J Denning and Matti Tedre. 2019. Computational thinking. Mit Press, Cambridge, MA.
[18]
Catherine D’Ignazio and Rahul Bhargava. 2018. Creative Data Literacy: A Constructionist Approach to Teaching Information Visualization. Digital Humanities Quarterly 12, 4 (2018). https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/123473
[19]
Stefania Druga, Fee Lia Christoph, and Amy J Ko. 2022. Family as a Third Space for AI Literacies: How do children and parents learn about AI together?. In Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (, New Orleans, LA, USA,) (CHI ’22). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 225, 17 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3491102.3502031
[20]
Stefania Druga and Amy J Ko. 2021. How do children’s perceptions of machine intelligence change when training and coding smart programs?. In Proceedings of the 20th Annual ACM Interaction Design and Children Conference (Athens, Greece) (IDC ’21). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 49–61. https://doi.org/10.1145/3459990.3460712
[21]
Stefania Druga, Jason Yip, Michael Preston, and Devin Dillon. 2021. The 4As: Ask, adapt, author, analyze-AI literacy framework for families. Algorithmic Rights and Protections for Children (2021). https://wip.mitpress.mit.edu/pub/the-4as/release/1
[22]
Allison Druin. 1999. Cooperative inquiry: developing new technologies for children with children. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA) (CHI ’99). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 592–599. https://doi.org/10.1145/302979.303166
[23]
Allison Druin. 2002. The role of children in the design of new technology. Behaviour and Information Technology 21, 1 (2002), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/01449290210147484
[24]
Allison Druin, Benjamin B. Bederson, Juan Pablo Hourcade, Lisa Sherman, Glenda Revelle, Michele Platner, and Stacy Weng. 2001. Designing a digital library for young children. In Proceedings of the 1st ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries (Roanoke, Virginia, USA) (JCDL ’01). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 398–405. https://doi.org/10.1145/379437.379735
[25]
Katalin Feher and Attila I. Katona. 2021. Fifteen Shadows of Socio-Cultural AI: A Systematic Review and Future Perspectives. Futures 132 (2021), 102817. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2021.102817
[26]
Casey Fiesler and Natalie Garrett. 2020. Ethical Tech Starts With Addressing Ethical Debt. Wired. https://www.wired.com/story/opinion-ethical-tech-starts-with-addressing-ethical-debt/
[27]
Greg Guest, Arwen Bunce, and Laura Johnson. 2006. How Many Interviews Are Enough?: An Experiment with Data Saturation and Variability. Field Methods 18, 1 (2006), 59–82. https://doi.org/10.1177/1525822X05279903
[28]
Mona Leigh Guha, Allison Druin, Gene Chipman, Jerry Alan Fails, Sante Simms, and Allison Farber. 2004. Mixing ideas: a new technique for working with young children as design partners. In Proceedings of the 2004 Conference on Interaction Design and Children: Building a Community (Maryland) (IDC ’04). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 35–42. https://doi.org/10.1145/1017833.1017838
[29]
Mona Leigh Guha, Allison Druin, and Jerry Alan Fails. 2013. Cooperative Inquiry Revisited: Reflections of the Past and Guidelines for the Future of Intergenerational Co-Design. International Journal of Child-Computer Interaction 1, 1 (2013), 14–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcci.2012.08.003
[30]
Ariel Han and Zhenyao Cai. 2023. Design implications of generative AI systems for visual storytelling for young learners. In Proceedings of the 22nd Annual ACM Interaction Design and Children Conference (Chicago, IL, USA) (IDC ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 470–474. https://doi.org/10.1145/3585088.3593867
[31]
Sara Harkness and Charles M. Super. 2021. Why Understanding Culture Is Essential for Supporting Children and Families. Applied Developmental Science 25, 1 (2021), 14–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/10888691.2020.1789354
[32]
Courtney Hattan and Daniel L Dinsmore. 2019. Examining elementary students’ purposeful and ancillary prior knowledge activation when reading grade level texts. Reading Horizons: A Journal of Literacy and Language Arts 58, 2 (2019), 3.
[33]
Drew Hemment, Morgan Currie, SJ Bennett, Jake Elwes, Anna Ridler, Caroline Sinders, Matjaz Vidmar, Robin Hill, and Holly Warner. 2023. AI in the Public Eye: Investigating Public AI Literacy Through AI Art. In Proceedings of the 2023 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency (Chicago, IL, USA) (FAccT ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 931–942. https://doi.org/10.1145/3593013.3594052
[34]
Clara E. Hill, Sarah Knox, Barbara J. Thompson, Elizabeth Nutt Williams, Shirley A. Hess, and Nicholas Ladany. 2005. Consensual Qualitative Research: An Update. Journal of Counseling Psychology 52, 2 (2005), 196–205. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.52.2.196
[35]
Maurice Jakesch, Megan French, Xiao Ma, Jeffrey T. Hancock, and Mor Naaman. 2019. AI-Mediated Communication: How the Perception that Profile Text was Written by AI Affects Trustworthiness. In Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Glasgow, Scotland Uk) (CHI ’19). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1145/3290605.3300469
[36]
Uffe Jankvist, Raimundo Elicer, Alison Clark-Wilson, Hans-Georg Weigand, and Marianne Thomsen. 2022. Proceedings of the 15th international conference on technology in mathematics teaching (ICTMT 15). Making and strengthening “connections and connectivity” for teaching mathematics with technology.Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark. https://doi.org/10.7146/aul.452
[37]
Sven Jatzlau, Tilman Michaeli, Stefan Seegerer, and Ralf Romeike. 2019. It’s not magic after all–machine learning in snap! using reinforcement learning. In 2019 IEEE blocks and beyond workshop (B&B). IEEE, 37–41.
[38]
Jussi S Jauhiainen and Agustín Garagorry Guerra. 2023. Generative AI and ChatGPT in School Children’s Education: Evidence from a School Lesson. Sustainability 15, 18 (2023), 14025.
[39]
Henry Jenkins. 2006. Convergence Culture : Where Old and New Media Collide. New York University Press, New York, NY.
[40]
Maria Kasinidou. 2023. Promoting AI Literacy for the Public. In Proceedings of the 54th ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education V. 2 (Toronto ON, Canada) (SIGCSE 2023). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1237. https://doi.org/10.1145/3545947.3573292
[41]
J. C. Kaufman and V. P. Glăveanu. 2021. Creativity: An Introduction. Cambridge University Press, New York, NY, USA, Chapter An overview of creativity theories, 17–30.
[42]
Taenyun Kim, Maria D. Molina, Minjin (MJ) Rheu, Emily S. Zhan, and Wei Peng. 2023. One AI Does Not Fit All: A Cluster Analysis of the Laypeople’s Perception of AI Roles. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (, Hamburg, Germany,) (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 29, 20 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581340
[43]
Siu-Cheung Kong and Harold Abelson. 2022. Computational thinking education in K-12: Artificial intelligence literacy and physical computing. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
[44]
A. Kozulin, B. Gindis, V. S. Ageyev, and S. M. Miller. 2003. Vygotsky’s educational theory in cultural context. Cambridge University Press.
[45]
Priya Kumar, Jessica Vitak, Marshini Chetty, Tamara L. Clegg, Jonathan Yang, Brenna McNally, and Elizabeth Bonsignore. 2018. Co-Designing Online Privacy-Related Games and Stories with Children. In Proceedings of the 17th ACM Conference on Interaction Design and Children (Trondheim, Norway) (IDC ’18). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 67–79. https://doi.org/10.1145/3202185.3202735
[46]
WONG Kwong-Cheong. 2020. Computational thinking and artificial intelligence education: A balanced approach using both classical AI and modern AI. CoolThink@ JC (2020), 108.
[47]
Deb Landau. 2022. ‘Alexa, Let’s Make a Story’: Amazon Introduces a New Feature That Turns Your Echo Device into a Storytelling Companion. US About Amazon. https://www.aboutamazon.com/news/devices/what-is-create-with-alexa
[48]
Matthias Carl Laupichler, Alexandra Aster, Jana Schirch, and Tobias Raupach. 2022. Artificial Intelligence Literacy in Higher and Adult Education: A Scoping Literature Review. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence 3 (2022), 100101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2022.100101
[49]
Min Kyung Lee and Katherine Rich. 2021. Who Is Included in Human Perceptions of AI?: Trust and Perceived Fairness around Healthcare AI and Cultural Mistrust. In Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (, Yokohama, Japan,) (CHI ’21). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 138, 14 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445570
[50]
Victor R Lee, Victoria Delaney, and Parth Sarin. 2022. Eliciting High School Students’ Conceptions and Intuitions about Algorithmic Bias. In Proceedings of the 2022 ACM Conference on International Computing Education Research-Volume 2. 35–36.
[51]
Kornel Lewicki, Michelle Seng Ah Lee, Jennifer Cobbe, and Jatinder Singh. 2023. Out of Context: Investigating the Bias and Fairness Concerns of “Artificial Intelligence as a Service”. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (, Hamburg, Germany,) (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 135, 17 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581463
[52]
Calvin A. Liang, Katie Albertson, Florence Williams, David Inwards-Breland, Sean A. Munson, Julie A. Kientz, and Kym Ahrens. 2020. Designing an online sex education resource for gender-diverse youth. In Proceedings of the Interaction Design and Children Conference (London, United Kingdom) (IDC ’20). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 108–120. https://doi.org/10.1145/3392063.3394404
[53]
Leah A. Lievrouw. 2009. NEW MEDIA, MEDIATION, AND COMMUNICATION STUDY1. Information, Communication & Society 12, 3 (2009), 303–325. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691180802660651
[54]
Tzu-Bin Lin, Jen-Yi Li, Feng Deng, and Ling Lee. 2013. Understanding New Media Literacy: An Explorative Theoretical Framework. Educational Technology & Society 16, 4 (2013), 160–171. https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?p=AONE&sw=w&issn=14364522&v=2.1&it=r&id=GALE%7CA352490447&sid=googleScholar&linkaccess=abs
[55]
Yihe Liu, Anushk Mittal, Diyi Yang, and Amy Bruckman. 2022. Will AI Console Me when I Lose my Pet? Understanding Perceptions of AI-Mediated Email Writing. In Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (, New Orleans, LA, USA,) (CHI ’22). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 474, 13 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3491102.3517731
[56]
Duri Long, Takeria Blunt, and Brian Magerko. 2021. Co-designing AI literacy exhibits for informal learning spaces. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 5, CSCW2 (2021), 1–35.
[57]
Duri Long and Brian Magerko. 2020. What Is AI Literacy? Competencies and Design Considerations. In Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (2020-04-23) (CHI ’20). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376727
[58]
Duri Long and Brian Magerko. 2020. What is AI literacy? Competencies and design considerations. In Proceedings of the 2020 CHI conference on human factors in computing systems. 1–16.
[59]
Duri Long, Sophie Rollins, Jasmin Ali-Diaz, Katherine Hancock, Samnang Nuonsinoeun, Jessica Roberts, and Brian Magerko. 2023. Fostering AI Literacy with Embodiment & Creativity: From Activity Boxes to Museum Exhibits. In Proceedings of the 22nd Annual ACM Interaction Design and Children Conference (Chicago, IL, USA) (IDC ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 727–731. https://doi.org/10.1145/3585088.3594495
[60]
Lev Manovich. 2002. The Language of New Media (paperback edition ed.). The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
[61]
Lev Manovich and Emanuele Arielli. 2021. Artificial Aesthetics: Generative AI, Art, and Visual Media. gc-cuny.academia.edu/LevManovich.
[62]
Diana Marginean, Sarah Lambert Derian, Joseph LaTorre, and Michael F. Mascolo. 2009. Constructing Intercultural Selves: Bridging Cultural Conflict Through Dialectical Engagement. Psychological Studies 64, 3 (2009), 365–375. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12646-019-00528-9
[63]
Brenna McNally, Mona Leigh Guha, Matthew Louis Mauriello, and Allison Druin. 2016. Children’s Perspectives on Ethical Issues Surrounding Their Past Involvement on a Participatory Design Team. In Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (San Jose, California, USA) (CHI ’16). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 3595–3606. https://doi.org/10.1145/2858036.2858338
[64]
Gaspar Isaac Melsión, Ilaria Torre, Eva Vidal, and Iolanda Leite. 2021. Using explainability to help children understandgender bias in ai. In Proceedings of the 20th Annual ACM Interaction Design and Children Conference. 87–99.
[65]
Tilman Michaeli, Ralf Romeike, and Stefan Seegerer. 2022. What students can learn about artificial intelligence–recommendations for K-12 computing education. In IFIP World Conference on Computers in Education. Springer, New York, NY, 196–208.
[66]
Hannah Mieczkowski, Jeffrey T. Hancock, Mor Naaman, Malte Jung, and Jess Hohenstein. 2021. AI-Mediated Communication: Language Use and Interpersonal Effects in a Referential Communication Task. Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact. 5, CSCW1, Article 17 (apr 2021), 14 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3449091
[67]
L. C. Moll, C. Amanti, D. Neff, and N. Gonzalez. 1992. Funds of Knowledge for Teaching: Using a Qualitative Approach to Connect Homes and Classrooms. Theory Into Practice 31, 2 (1992), 132–141.
[68]
Carly Muetterties and Laura H Darolia. 2020. Considering Different Perspectives in Children’s Literature: An Inquiry Approach that Promotes Civic Learning. Social Studies and the Young Learner 33, 1 (2020), 22–27.
[69]
Bill Nichols. 1988. The Work of Culture in the Age of Cybernetic Systems. Screen 29, 1 (1988), 22–47.
[70]
Donald A. Norman. 2002. The Design of Everyday Things. Basic Books, Inc., USA.
[71]
Chinasa T. Okolo, Srujana Kamath, Nicola Dell, and Aditya Vashistha. 2021. “It cannot do all of my work”: Community Health Worker Perceptions of AI-Enabled Mobile Health Applications in Rural India. In Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (, Yokohama, Japan,) (CHI ’21). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 701, 20 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445420
[72]
Seymour Papert. 1980. Mindstorms: Children, Computers, and Powerful Ideas. Basic Books, Inc., USA.
[73]
Blakeley H Payne. 2019. An ethics of artificial intelligence curriculum for middle school students. MIT Media Lab Personal Robots Group. Retrieved Oct 10 (2019), 2019.
[74]
Jordan Pearson. 2024. Winner of Japan’s Top Literary Prize Admits She Used ChatGPT. Vice. https://www.vice.com/en/article/k7z58y/rie-kudan-akutagawa-prize-used-chatgpt
[75]
Catherine Petrozzino. 2021. Who pays for ethical debt in AI?AI and Ethics 1, 3 (2021), 205–208. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-020-00030-3
[76]
Alec Radford, Jong Wook Kim, Chris Hallacy, Aditya Ramesh, Gabriel Goh, Sandhini Agarwal, Girish Sastry, Amanda Askell, Pamela Mishkin, Jack Clark, 2021. Learning transferable visual models from natural language supervision. In International conference on machine learning. PMLR, 8748–8763.
[77]
Yim Register and Amy J. Ko. 2020. Learning Machine Learning with Personal Data Helps Stakeholders Ground Advocacy Arguments in Model Mechanics. In Proceedings of the 2020 ACM Conference on International Computing Education Research (Virtual Event, New Zealand) (ICER ’20). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 67–78. https://doi.org/10.1145/3372782.3406252
[78]
Mitchel Resnick, John Maloney, Andrés Monroy-Hernández, Natalie Rusk, Evelyn Eastmond, Karen Brennan, Amon Millner, Eric Rosenbaum, Jay Silver, Brian Silverman, and Yasmin Kafai. 2009. Scratch: Programming for All. Commun. ACM 52, 11 (2009), 60–67. https://doi.org/10.1145/1592761.1592779
[79]
Mitchel Resnick and Eric Rosenbaum. 2013. Designing for tinkerability. In Design, make, play. Routledge, 163–181.
[80]
Wendy Roldan, Xin Gao, Allison Marie Hishikawa, Tiffany Ku, Ziyue Li, Echo Zhang, Jon E. Froehlich, and Jason Yip. 2020. Opportunities and Challenges in Involving Users in Project-Based HCI Education. In Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (, Honolulu, HI, USA,) (CHI ’20). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376530
[81]
Wendy Roldan, Ziyue Li, Xin Gao, Sarah Kay Strickler, Allison Marie Hishikawa, Jon E. Froehlich, and Jason Yip. 2021. Pedagogical Strategies for Reflection in Project-based HCI Education with End Users. In Proceedings of the 2021 ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference (Virtual Event, USA) (DIS ’21). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1846–1860. https://doi.org/10.1145/3461778.3462113
[82]
Jeremy Roschelle. 1992. Learning by Collaborating: Convergent Conceptual Change. The Journal of the Learning Sciences 2, 3 (1992), 235–276. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1466609
[83]
Jean Salac, Alannah Oleson, Lena Armstrong, Audrey Le Meur, and Amy J. Ko. 2023. Funds of Knowledge used by Adolescents of Color in Scaffolded Sensemaking around Algorithmic Fairness. Proceedings of the 2023 ACM Conference on International Computing Education Research - Volume 1 (2023), 191–205. https://doi.org/10.1145/3568813.3600110
[84]
Jeffrey Saltz, Michael Skirpan, Casey Fiesler, Micha Gorelick, Tom Yeh, Robert Heckman, Neil Dewar, and Nathan Beard. 2019. Integrating ethics within machine learning courses. ACM Transactions on Computing Education (TOCE) 19, 4 (2019), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1145/3341164
[85]
Brandon J Sherman and Annela Teemant. 2022. The Critical Space Between: Weaving Freirean and Sociocultural Pedagogies 1. In Paulo Freire and Multilingual Education. Routledge, 42–58.
[86]
Jordan Sirani. 2024. Ubisoft and MiHoYo Among Publishers Signing Up for Nvidia’s AI-Generated Video Character Tool. IGN. https://www.ign.com/articles/ubisoft-and-mihoyo-nvidia-ace-ai-video-character-tool
[87]
Anselm L. Strauss. 1987. Qualitative Analysis for Social Scientists. Cambridge university press, Cambridge, UK.
[88]
Colm Sweeney, Courtney Potts, Edel Ennis, Raymond Bond, Maurice D. Mulvenna, Siobhan O’neill, Martin Malcolm, Lauri Kuosmanen, Catrine Kostenius, Alex Vakaloudis, Gavin Mcconvey, Robin Turkington, David Hanna, Heidi Nieminen, Anna-Kaisa Vartiainen, Alison Robertson, and Michael F. Mctear. 2021. Can Chatbots Help Support a Person’s Mental Health? Perceptions and Views from Mental Healthcare Professionals and Experts. ACM Trans. Comput. Healthcare 2, 3, Article 25 (jul 2021), 15 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3453175
[89]
David Thorburn and Henry Jenkins (Eds.). 2004. Rethinking Media Change: The Aesthetics of Transition. The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
[90]
David Touretzky, Christina Gardner-McCune, Fred Martin, and Deborah Seehorn. 2019. Envisioning AI for K-12: What should every child know about AI?. In Proceedings of the AAAI conference on artificial intelligence, Vol. 33. 9795–9799. https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33019795
[91]
Pranshu Verma. 2023. The Rise of AI Fake News Is Creating a ‘Misinformation Superspreader’. Washington Post (2023). https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2023/12/17/ai-fake-news-misinformation/
[92]
Shirin Vossoughi and Kris D Gutiérrez. 2016. Critical pedagogy and sociocultural theory. In Power and privilege in the learning sciences. Routledge, 157–179.
[93]
Benjamin Walsh, Safinah Ali, Francisco Castro, Kayla Desportes, Daniella DiPaola, Irene Lee, William Payne, Scott Sieke, and Helen Zhang. 2022. Making Art with and about Artificial Intelligence: Three Approaches to Teaching AI and AI Ethics to Middle and High School Students. In Proceedings of the 53rd ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education V. 2 (Providence, RI, USA) (SIGCSE 2022). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1203. https://doi.org/10.1145/3478432.3499157
[94]
Qiaosi Wang, Shan Jing, and Ashok K. Goel. 2022. Co-Designing AI Agents to Support Social Connectedness Among Online Learners: Functionalities, Social Characteristics, and Ethical Challenges. In Proceedings of the 2022 ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference (Virtual Event, Australia) (DIS ’22). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 541–556. https://doi.org/10.1145/3532106.3533534
[95]
Anna Wolters and Dennis M Riehle. 2024. AI Literacy in Adult Education — A Literature Review. In Proceedings of the 57th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. https://hdl.handle.net/10125/107211
[96]
Gary K. W. Wong, Xiaojuan Ma, Pierre Dillenbourg, and John Huan. 2020. Broadening Artificial Intelligence Education in K-12: Where to Start?ACM Inroads 11, 1 (2020), 20–29. https://doi.org/10.1145/3381884
[97]
Jason C. Yip, Frances Marie Tabio Ello, Fumi Tsukiyama, Atharv Wairagade, and June Ahn. 2023. "Money shouldn’t be money!": An Examination of Financial Literacy and Technology for Children Through Co-Design. In Proceedings of the 22nd Annual ACM Interaction Design and Children Conference (Chicago, IL, USA) (IDC ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 82–93. https://doi.org/10.1145/3585088.3589355
[98]
Jason C Yip, Kung Jin Lee, and Jin Ha Lee. 2020. Design partnerships for participatory librarianship: A conceptual model for understanding librarians co designing with digital youth. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology 71, 10 (2020), 1242–1256. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.24320
[99]
Jason C. Yip, Kiley Sobel, Xin Gao, Allison Marie Hishikawa, Alexis Lim, Laura Meng, Romaine Flor Ofiana, Justin Park, and Alexis Hiniker. 2019. Laughing is Scary, but Farting is Cute: A Conceptual Model of Children’s Perspectives of Creepy Technologies. In Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Glasgow, Scotland Uk) (CHI ’19). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1145/3290605.3300303
[100]
Jason C Yip, Kiley Sobel, Xin Gao, Allison Marie Hishikawa, Alexis Lim, Laura Meng, Romaine Flor Ofiana, Justin Park, and Alexis Hiniker. 2019. Laughing is scary, but farting is cute: A conceptual model of children’s perspectives of creepy technologies. In Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, New York, 1–15.
[101]
Jason C Yip, Kiley Sobel, Caroline Pitt, Kung Jin Lee, Sijin Chen, Kari Nasu, and Laura R Pina. 2017. Examining adult-child interactions in intergenerational participatory design. In Proceedings of the 2017 CHI conference on human factors in computing systems. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, New York, 5742–5754. https://doi.org/10.1145/3025453.3025787

Cited By

View all
  • (2025)Fostering children's dispositional autonomy and AI understanding through co-designing AI systemsInternational Journal of Human-Computer Studies10.1016/j.ijhcs.2024.103412196:COnline publication date: 1-Feb-2025
  • (2024)Artificial Intelligence Literacy in Primary Education: An Arts-Based Approach to Overcoming Age and Gender BarriersComputers and Education: Artificial Intelligence10.1016/j.caeai.2024.100321(100321)Online publication date: Oct-2024

Index Terms

  1. Mediating Culture: Cultivating Socio-cultural Understanding of AI in Children through Participatory Design

      Recommendations

      Comments

      Information & Contributors

      Information

      Published In

      cover image ACM Conferences
      DIS '24: Proceedings of the 2024 ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference
      July 2024
      3616 pages
      ISBN:9798400705830
      DOI:10.1145/3643834
      This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution International 4.0 License.

      Sponsors

      Publisher

      Association for Computing Machinery

      New York, NY, United States

      Publication History

      Published: 01 July 2024

      Check for updates

      Author Tags

      1. AI Literacy
      2. Cultural mediation
      3. Generative AI
      4. Participatory design

      Qualifiers

      • Research-article
      • Research
      • Refereed limited

      Funding Sources

      Conference

      DIS '24
      Sponsor:
      DIS '24: Designing Interactive Systems Conference
      July 1 - 5, 2024
      Copenhagen, Denmark

      Acceptance Rates

      Overall Acceptance Rate 1,158 of 4,684 submissions, 25%

      Upcoming Conference

      DIS '25
      Designing Interactive Systems Conference
      July 5 - 9, 2025
      Funchal , Portugal

      Contributors

      Other Metrics

      Bibliometrics & Citations

      Bibliometrics

      Article Metrics

      • Downloads (Last 12 months)1,396
      • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)226
      Reflects downloads up to 01 Mar 2025

      Other Metrics

      Citations

      Cited By

      View all
      • (2025)Fostering children's dispositional autonomy and AI understanding through co-designing AI systemsInternational Journal of Human-Computer Studies10.1016/j.ijhcs.2024.103412196:COnline publication date: 1-Feb-2025
      • (2024)Artificial Intelligence Literacy in Primary Education: An Arts-Based Approach to Overcoming Age and Gender BarriersComputers and Education: Artificial Intelligence10.1016/j.caeai.2024.100321(100321)Online publication date: Oct-2024

      View Options

      View options

      PDF

      View or Download as a PDF file.

      PDF

      eReader

      View online with eReader.

      eReader

      HTML Format

      View this article in HTML Format.

      HTML Format

      Login options

      Figures

      Tables

      Media

      Share

      Share

      Share this Publication link

      Share on social media