skip to main content
10.1145/3644713.3644806acmotherconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PagesicfndsConference Proceedingsconference-collections
research-article

Quantum Assisted Architectures for Wireless Systems, the Case of Quantum 6G

Published: 13 May 2024 Publication History

Abstract

The development of a quantum-based architecture for wireless systems is required to respond to the growing need for faster and more effective communication. Quantum computing offers a huge promise for improving wireless communication networks due to its ability to perform complex computations and simulations in a fraction of the time compared to classical computing. With a focus on Quantum 6G, this paper examines the foundations of quantum computing, the state of conventional wireless systems, and the potential for quantum-assisted wireless systems. This paper also analyzes future research areas and briefly discusses the newly developing topic of quantum machine learning in the context of 6G. It starts with reviewing Quantum 6G, covering facets like its effectiveness and security. It also explores the challenges and constraints of managing wireless resources with quantum assistance. This study seeks to explore these issues in order to advance knowledge of quantum 6G networks and encourage additional investigation into this exciting area.

References

[1]
[n. d.]. Cabinet Office, Society 5.0. [Online]. Available: https://www8.cao.go. jp/cstp/english/society5 0/index.html. ([n. d.]).
[2]
[n. d.]. Encyclopedia Britannica, “Absolute zero,” Encyclopedia Britannica. [Online]. Available: https://www.britannica.com/science/absolute-zero. ([n. d.]).
[3]
[n. d.]. H.-Y. Huang, M. Broughton, M. Mohseni, R. Babbush, S. Boixo, H. Neven, and J. R. McClean, “Power of data in quantum machine learning,” Nature News, 11-May-2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.na ture.com/articles/s41467-021-22539-9. ([n. d.]).
[4]
[n. d.]. M. Giles, “Explainer: What is Quantum Communication?,” MIT Technology Review, 02-Apr-2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.technolo gyreview.com/2019/02/14/103409/what-is-quantum-communications/. ([n. d.]).
[5]
[n. d.]. M. Kuipers, “6G The Last Generation,” CGC, 12-Oct-2021. [Online]. Available: https://ctifglobalcapsule.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/docs/e vents/6gworkshop-Martijn-Kuipers.pdf. ([n. d.]).
[6]
[n. d.]. National Security Agency. [Online]. Available: https://www.nsa.gov/Cybersecurity/Quantum-Key-Distribution-QKD-and-Quantum-Cryptography-QC/.
[7]
[n. d.]. P. S. Rufino Henrique, “Quantum Physics applied for the future architecture of the 6G Networks,” The 6G HybridWorkshop – CGC and Aarhus University, 12-Oct-2021. [Online]. Available: https://ctifglobalcapsule. org/wp/wp-content/uploads/docs/events/6GNetworks-PauloHenrique.p df. ([n. d.]).
[8]
[n. d.]. S. J. Pauka, K. Das, R. Kalra, A. Moini, Y. Yang, M. Trainer, A. Bousquet, C. Cantaloube, N. Dick, G. C. Gardner, M. J. Manfra, and D. J. Reilly, “A cryogenic CMOS chip for generating control signals for multiple qubits,” Nature News, 25-Jan-2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41928-020-00528-y. ([n. d.]).
[9]
[n. d.]. UN-ITU. “Connect 2030 – an agenda to connect all to a better world,” ITU. [Online]. Available: https://www.itu.int/en/mediacentre/backgro unders/Pages/connect-2030-agenda.aspx. ([n. d.]).
[10]
[n. d.]. “Quantum computing for computer scientists,” Microsoft Research, 14- May-2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/rese arch/video/quantum-computing-computer-scientists/#!related info. ([n. d.]).
[11]
Giovanni Acampora. 2019. Quantum machine intelligence: Launching the first journal in the area of quantum artificial intelligence., 3 pages.
[12]
J. Andersson and M. Johansson. [n. d.]. Emulated quantum noise,Emulated quantum noise – Emulated quantum noise – CSC Company Site, 09- Mar-2021. [Online].https://www.csc.fi/en/-/emulated-quantum-noise. ([n. d.]).
[13]
Farag Azzedin. 2014. Taxonomy of reputation assessment in peer-to-peer systems and analysis of their data retrieval. The Knowledge Engineering Review 29, 4 (2014), 463–483.
[14]
Farag Azzedin, Husam Suwad, and Zaid Alyafeai. 2017. Countermeasureing zero day attacks: asset-based approach. In 2017 International Conference on High Performance Computing & Simulation (HPCS). IEEE, 854–857.
[15]
Paul Benioff. 1980. The computer as a physical system: A microscopic quantum mechanical Hamiltonian model of computers as represented by Turing machines. Journal of statistical physics 22 (1980), 563–591.
[16]
Charles H Bennett, Gilles Brassard, Claude Crépeau, Richard Jozsa, Asher Peres, and William K Wootters. 1993. Teleporting an unknown quantum state via dual classical and Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen channels. Physical review letters 70, 13 (1993), 1895.
[17]
Panagiotis Botsinis, Dimitrios Alanis, Zunaira Babar, Hung Viet Nguyen, Daryus Chandra, Soon Xin Ng, and Lajos Hanzo. 2019. Quantum Search Algorithms for Wireless Communications. IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials 21, 2 (2019), 1209–1242. https://doi.org/10.1109/COMST.2018.2882385
[18]
Angela Sara Cacciapuoti, Marcello Caleffi, Francesco Tafuri, Francesco Saverio Cataliotti, Stefano Gherardini, and Giuseppe Bianchi. 2019. Quantum internet: networking challenges in distributed quantum computing. IEEE Network 34, 1 (2019), 137–143.
[19]
Marcello Caleffi. 2017. Optimal routing for quantum networks. Ieee Access 5 (2017), 22299–22312.
[20]
Sheng-Tzong Cheng, Chun-Yen Wang, and Ming-Hon Tao. 2005. Quantum communication for wireless wide-area networks. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 23, 7 (2005), 1424–1432.
[21]
Isaac L Chuang, Neil Gershenfeld, and Mark Kubinec. 1998. Experimental implementation of fast quantum searching. Physical review letters 80, 15 (1998), 3408.
[22]
Gregory Epiphaniou, Prashant Pillai, Mirko Bottarelli, Haider Al-Khateeb, Mohammad Hammoudeh, and Carsten Maple. 2020. Electronic regulation of data sharing and processing using smart ledger technologies for supply-chain security. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management (2020), 1–15.
[23]
Richard P Feynman. 2018. Simulating physics with computers. In Feynman and computation. CRC Press, 133–153.
[24]
Lov K Grover. 1996. A fast quantum mechanical algorithm for database search. In Proceedings of the twenty-eighth annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing. 212–219.
[25]
Laszlo Gyongyosi and Sandor Imre. 2019. A survey on quantum computing technology. Computer Science Review 31 (2019), 51–71.
[26]
Mohammad Hammoudeh, Gregory Epiphaniou, Sana Belguith, Devrim Unal, Bamidele Adebisi, Thar Baker, ASM Kayes, and Paul Watters. 2020. A service-oriented approach for sensing in the Internet of Things: Intelligent transportation systems and privacy use cases. IEEE Sensors Journal 21, 14 (2020), 15753–15761.
[27]
Lajos Hanzo, Yosef Akhtman, Li Wang, and Ming Jiang. 2010. MIMO-OFDM for LTE, WiFi and WiMAX: Coherent versus non-coherent and cooperative turbo transceivers. Vol. 9. John Wiley & Sons.
[28]
K. Haynes. [n. d.]. K. Haynes, “How cold is it in outer space?,” Discover Magazine, 04- May-2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.discovermagazine.com/the -sciences/how-cold-is-it-in-outer-space. ([n. d.]).
[29]
Paulo Sergio Rufino Henrique and Ramjee Prasad. 2020. The Road for 6G Multimedia Applications. In 2020 23rd International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications (WPMC). IEEE, 1–6.
[30]
Travis S Humble, Himanshu Thapliyal, Edgard Munoz-Coreas, Fahd A Mohiyaddin, and Ryan S Bennink. 2019. Quantum computing circuits and devices. IEEE Design & Test 36, 3 (2019), 69–94.
[31]
Sandor Imre. 2013. Quantum communications: Explained for communication engineers. IEEE Communications Magazine 51, 8 (2013), 28–35.
[32]
Sándor Imre. 2014. Quantum computing and communications–Introduction and challenges. Computers & Electrical Engineering 40, 1 (2014), 134–141.
[33]
Sandor Imre and Ferenc Balazs. 2005. Quantum Computing and Communications: an engineering approach. John Wiley & Sons.
[34]
Sandor Imre and Laszlo Gyongyosi. 2012. Advanced Quantum Communication. Hoboken, NJ, USA: Wiley.
[35]
Hyoungju Ji, Sunho Park, Jeongho Yeo, Younsun Kim, Juho Lee, and Byonghyo Shim. 2017. Introduction to ultra reliable and low latency communications in 5G. arXiv preprint arXiv:1704.05565 (2017).
[36]
Srikar Kasi and Kyle Jamieson. 2020. Towards quantum belief propagation for LDPC decoding in wireless networks. In Proceedings of the 26th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking. 1–14.
[37]
Nei Kato, Zubair Md Fadlullah, Bomin Mao, Fengxiao Tang, Osamu Akashi, Takeru Inoue, and Kimihiro Mizutani. 2016. The deep learning vision for heterogeneous network traffic control: Proposal, challenges, and future perspective. IEEE wireless communications 24, 3 (2016), 146–153.
[38]
Minsung Kim, Davide Venturelli, and Kyle Jamieson. 2019. Leveraging quantum annealing for large MIMO processing in centralized radio access networks. In Proceedings of the ACM special interest group on data communication. 241–255.
[39]
Viraj Kulkarni, Milind Kulkarni, and Aniruddha Pant. 2021. Quantum computing methods for supervised learning. Quantum Machine Intelligence 3, 2 (2021), 23.
[40]
Andy Kuszyk and Mohammad Hammoudeh. 2018. Contemporary alternatives to traditional processor design in the post Moore’s law era. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Future Networks and Distributed Systems. 1–5.
[41]
A. Libal. [n. d.]. A. Libal, “The temperatures of outer space around the Earth,” Sciencing, 02-Mar-2019. [Online]. Available: https://sciencing.com/temperatures -outer-space-around-earth-20254.html. ([n. d.]).
[42]
Marius Nagy. 2006. Quantum computation and quantum information. IJPEDS 21 (02 2006), 1–59. https://doi.org/10.1080/17445760500355678
[43]
Syed Junaid Nawaz, Shree Krishna Sharma, Shurjeel Wyne, Mohammad N Patwary, and Md Asaduzzaman. 2019. Quantum machine learning for 6G communication networks: State-of-the-art and vision for the future. IEEE access 7 (2019), 46317–46350.
[44]
James L Park. 1970. The concept of transition in quantum mechanics. Foundations of physics 1, 1 (1970), 23–33.
[45]
Thierry Paul. 2007. Quantum computation and quantum information. Mathematical Structures in Computer Science 17, 6 (2007), 1115–1115.
[46]
Stefano Pirandola, Riccardo Laurenza, Carlo Ottaviani, and Leonardo Banchi. 2017. Fundamental limits of repeaterless quantum communications. Nature communications 8, 1 (2017), 15043.
[47]
Yuya Saito, Yoshihisa Kishiyama, Anass Benjebbour, Takehiro Nakamura, Anxin Li, and Kenichi Higuchi. 2013. Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) for cellular future radio access. In 2013 IEEE 77th vehicular technology conference (VTC Spring). IEEE, 1–5.
[48]
Changyang She, Chenyang Yang, and Tony QS Quek. 2017. Radio resource management for ultra-reliable and low-latency communications. IEEE Communications Magazine 55, 6 (2017), 72–78.
[49]
Sushil Kumar Singh, Abir El Azzaoui, Mikail Mohammed Salim, and Jong Hyuk Park. 2020. Quantum communication technology for future ICT-review. Journal of Information Processing Systems 16, 6 (2020), 1459–1478.
[50]
Faisal Tariq, Muhammad RA Khandaker, Kai-Kit Wong, Muhammad A Imran, Mehdi Bennis, and Merouane Debbah. 2020. A speculative study on 6G. IEEE Wireless Communications 27, 4 (2020), 118–125.
[51]
Harsh Tataria, Mansoor Shafi, Andreas F Molisch, Mischa Dohler, Henrik Sjöland, and Fredrik Tufvesson. 2021. 6G wireless systems: Vision, requirements, challenges, insights, and opportunities. Proc. IEEE 109, 7 (2021), 1166–1199.
[52]
Marcus Walshe, Gregory Epiphaniou, Haider Al-Khateeb, Mohammad Hammoudeh, Vasilios Katos, and Ali Dehghantanha. 2019. Non-interactive zero knowledge proofs for the authentication of IoT devices in reduced connectivity environments. Ad Hoc Networks 95 (2019), 101988.
[53]
Mark M. Wilde. 2017. Concepts in Quantum Shannon Theory. Cambridge University Press, 3–25.
[54]
Jun Wu, Zhifeng Zhang, Yu Hong, and Yonggang Wen. 2015. Cloud radio access network (C-RAN): a primer. IEEE network 29, 1 (2015), 35–41.
[55]
Gerhard Wunder, Peter Jung, Martin Kasparick, Thorsten Wild, Frank Schaich, Yejian Chen, Stephan Ten Brink, Ivan Gaspar, Nicola Michailow, Andreas Festag, 2014. 5GNOW: non-orthogonal, asynchronous waveforms for future mobile applications. IEEE Communications Magazine 52, 2 (2014), 97–105.
[56]
Ping Yang, Yue Xiao, Ming Xiao, and Shaoqian Li. 2019. 6G wireless communications: Vision and potential techniques. IEEE network 33, 4 (2019), 70–75.

Recommendations

Comments

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Other conferences
ICFNDS '23: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Future Networks and Distributed Systems
December 2023
808 pages
ISBN:9798400709036
DOI:10.1145/3644713
Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than the author(s) must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected].

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 13 May 2024

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Check for updates

Qualifiers

  • Research-article
  • Research
  • Refereed limited

Conference

ICFNDS '23

Contributors

Other Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

  • 0
    Total Citations
  • 31
    Total Downloads
  • Downloads (Last 12 months)31
  • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)3
Reflects downloads up to 11 Feb 2025

Other Metrics

Citations

View Options

Login options

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

PDF

eReader

View online with eReader.

eReader

HTML Format

View this article in HTML Format.

HTML Format

Figures

Tables

Media

Share

Share

Share this Publication link

Share on social media