skip to main content
10.1145/3659994.3660316acmconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PageshpdcConference Proceedingsconference-collections
research-article
Open access

Optimizing Resource Allocation in the Edge: A Minimum Weighted Vertex Cover Approach

Published: 29 July 2024 Publication History

Abstract

The transition from Cloud Computing to a Cloud-Edge continuum introduces novel opportunities and challenges for data-intensive and interactive Next Generation applications. Strategies that were effective in the Cloud environment now necessitate reconsideration to adapt to the Edge's distributed, dynamic, and heterogeneous ecosystem. Proactively planning the placement of application images becomes crucial to minimize image transfer time, align with the dynamic nature of the system, and meet the strict demands of applications. In this regard, this paper proposes an empirical experimental analysis, by comparing the results of different placement strategies and various network topologies. In particular, we model the problem of proactive placement of application images as a Minimum Weighted Vertex Cover problem. Our results demonstrate that the Greedy approach seems to offer the optimal tradeoff with respect to the number of allocated images and execution time.

References

[1]
Farah Aït-Salaht, Frédéric Desprez, and Adrien Lebre. 2021. An Overview of Service Placement Problem in Fog and Edge Computing. ACM Comput. Surv. 53, 3 (2021), 65:1--65:35.
[2]
Farah Aït-Salaht, Frédéric Desprez, Adrien Lebre, Charles Prud'homme, and Mohamed Abderrahim. 2019. Service Placement in Fog Computing Using Constraint Programming. In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Services Computing, SCC 2019, Milan, Italy, July 8--13, 2019, Elisa Bertino, Carl K. Chang, Peter Chen, Ernesto Damiani, Michael Goul, and Katsunori Oyama (Eds.). IEEE, 19--27.
[3]
Muhammad Alam, Joao Rufino, Joaquim Ferreira, Syed Hassan Ahmed, Nadir Shah, and Yuanfang Chen. 2018. Orchestration of microservices for iot using docker and edge computing. IEEE Communications Magazine 56, 9 (2018), 118--123.
[4]
Réka Albert and Albert-László Barabási. 2002. Statistical mechanics of complex networks. Reviews of modern physics 74, 1 (2002), 47.
[5]
Hamid Reza Arkian, Abolfazl Diyanat, and Atefe Pourkhalili. 2017. MIST: Fog-based data analytics scheme with cost-efficient resource provisioning for IoT crowdsensing applications. J. Netw. Comput. Appl. 82 (2017), 152--165.
[6]
Onur Ascigil, Truong Khoa Phan, Argyrios G. Tasiopoulos, Vasilis Sourlas, Ioannis Psaras, and George Pavlou. 2017. On Uncoordinated Service Placement in Edge-Clouds. In IEEE International Conference on Cloud Computing Technology and Science, CloudCom 2017, Hong Kong, December 11--14, 2017. IEEE Computer Society, 41--48.
[7]
Albert-László Barabási and Réka Albert. 1999. Emergence of scaling in random networks. science 286, 5439 (1999), 509--512.
[8]
Thomas H Cormen, Charles E Leiserson, Ronald L Rivest, and Clifford Stein. 2009. Introduction to algorithms. MIT press.
[9]
Jad Darrous, Thomas Lambert, and Shadi Ibrahim. 2019. On the Importance of Container Image Placement for Service Provisioning in the Edge. In 28th International Conference on Computer Communication and Networks, ICCCN 2019, Valencia, Spain, July 29 - August 1, 2019. IEEE, 1--9.
[10]
Paul Erdös and Alfréd Rényi. 1959. On random graphs Publ. Math. debrecen 6 (1959), 290--297.
[11]
Edgar N Gilbert. 1959. Random graphs. The Annals of Mathematical Statistics 30, 4 (1959), 1141--1144.
[12]
Diogo Gonçalves, Karima Velasquez, Marília Curado, Luiz Fernando Bittencourt, and Edmundo Roberto Mauro Madeira. 2018. Proactive Virtual Machine Migration in Fog Environments. In 2018 IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications, ISCC 2018, Natal, Brazil, June 25--28, 2018. IEEE, 742--745.
[13]
Aric Hagberg, Pieter Swart, and Daniel S Chult. 2008. Exploring network structure, dynamics, and function using NetworkX. Technical Report. Los Alamos National Lab.(LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States).
[14]
John H Holland. 1992. Adaptation in natural and artificial systems: an introductory analysis with applications to biology, control, and artificial intelligence. MIT press.
[15]
Hua-Jun Hong, Pei-Hsuan Tsai, and Cheng-Hsin Hsu. 2016. Dynamic module deployment in a fog computing platform. In 18th Asia-Pacific Network Operations and Management Symposium, APNOMS 2016, Kanazawa, Japan, October 5--7, 2016. IEEE, 1--6.
[16]
Kiranpreet Kaur, Fabrice Guillemin, and Françoise Sailhan. 2022. Container placement and migration strategies for cloud, fog, and edge data centers: A survey. Int. J. Netw. Manag. 32, 6 (2022).
[17]
Ioannis Korontanis, Konstantinos Tserpes, Maria Pateraki, Lorenzo Blasi, John Violos, Ferran Diego, Eduard Marin, Nicolas Kourtellis, Massimo Coppola, Emanuele Carlini, et al. 2020. Inter-operability and orchestration in heterogeneous cloud/edge resources: The ACCORDION vision. In Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Flexible Resource and Application Management on the Edge. 9--14.
[18]
Ketan Kotecha and Nilesh Gambhava. 2003. A Hybrid Genetic Algorithm for Minimum Vertex Cover Problem. In IICAI. 904--913.
[19]
Gilsoo Lee, Walid Saad, and Mehdi Bennis. 2017. An online secretary framework for fog network formation with minimal latency. In IEEE International Conference on Communications, ICC 2017, Paris, France, May 21--25, 2017. IEEE, 1--6.
[20]
Antonios Makris, Abderrahmane Boudi, Massimo Coppola, Luís Cordeiro, Massimiliano Corsini, Patrizio Dazzi, Ferran Diego Andilla, Yago González Rozas, Manos Kamarianakis, Maria Pateraki, et al. 2021. Cloud for holography and augmented reality. In 2021 IEEE 10th International Conference on Cloud Networking (CloudNet). IEEE, 118--126.
[21]
Antonios Makris, Ioannis Kontopoulos, Evangelos Psomakelis, Stylianos Nektarios Xyalis, Theodoros Theodoropoulos, and Konstantinos Tserpes. 2022. Performance Analysis of Storage Systems in Edge Computing Infrastructures. Applied Sciences 12, 17 (2022), 8923.
[22]
Antonios Makris, Evangelos Psomakelis, Emanuele Carlini, Matteo Mordacchini, Theodoros Theodoropoulos, Patrizio Dazzi, and Konstantinos Tserpes. 2024. Proactive component image placement in Edge computing environments. Future Generation Computer Systems (2024).
[23]
Antonios Makris, Evangelos Psomakelis, Ioannis Korontanis, Theodoros Theodoropoulos, Antonis Protopsaltis, Maria Pateraki, Zbyszek Ledwoń, Christos Diou, Dimosthenis Anagnostopoulos, and Konstantinos Tserpes. 2023. Streamlining XR Application Deployment with a Localized Docker Registry at the Edge. In European Conference on Service-Oriented and Cloud Computing. Springer, 188--202.
[24]
Antonios Makris, Evangelos Psomakelis, Theodoros Theodoropoulos, and Konstantinos Tserpes. 2022. Towards a Distributed Storage Framework for Edge Computing Infrastructures. In Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Flexible Resource and Application Management on the Edge. 9--14.
[25]
Antonios Makris, Konstantinos Tserpes, and Theodora Varvarigou. 2022. Transition from monolithic to microservice-based applications. Challenges from the developer perspective. Open Research Europe 2 (2022), 24.
[26]
Mohammed Islam Naas, Philippe Raipin Parvédy, Jalil Boukhobza, and Laurent Lemarchand. 2017. iFogStor: An IoT Data Placement Strategy for Fog Infrastructure. In 1st IEEE International Conference on Fog and Edge Computing, ICFEC 2017, Madrid, Spain, May 14--15, 2017. IEEE Computer Society, 97--104.
[27]
Michael J. Neely. 2010. Stochastic Network Optimization with Application to Communication and Queueing Systems. Morgan & Claypool Publishers.
[28]
Charith Perera, Yongrui Qin, Júlio Cezar Estrella, Stephan Reiff-Marganiec, and Athanasios V. Vasilakos. 2017. Fog Computing for Sustainable Smart Cities: A Survey. ACM Comput. Surv. 50, 3 (2017), 32:1--32:43.
[29]
Evangelos Psomakelis, Antonios Makris, Konstantinos Tserpes, and Maria Pateraki. 2023. A lightweight storage framework for edge computing infrastructures/EdgePersist. Software Impacts 17 (2023), 100549.
[30]
Martin L. Puterman. 1994. Markov Decision Processes: Discrete Stochastic Dynamic Programming. Wiley.
[31]
Kaustabha Ray, Ansuman Banerjee, and Nanjangud C. Narendra. 2020. Proactive Microservice Placement and Migration for Mobile Edge Computing. In 5th IEEE/ACM Symposium on Edge Computing, SEC 2020, San Jose, CA, USA, November 12--14, 2020. IEEE, 28--41.
[32]
Fabiana Rossi, Valeria Cardellini, Francesco Lo Presti, and Matteo Nardelli. 2020. Geo-distributed efficient deployment of containers with Kubernetes. Comput. Commun. 159 (2020), 161--174.
[33]
Olena Skarlat, Matteo Nardelli, Stefan Schulte, Michael Borkowski, and Philipp Leitner. 2017. Optimized IoT service placement in the fog. Serv. Oriented Comput. Appl. 11, 4 (2017), 427--443.
[34]
Olena Skarlat, Matteo Nardelli, Stefan Schulte, and Schahram Dustdar. 2017. Towards QoS-Aware Fog Service Placement. In 1st IEEE International Conference on Fog and Edge Computing, ICFEC 2017, Madrid, Spain, May 14--15, 2017. IEEE Computer Society, 89--96.
[35]
Mohit Taneja and Alan Davy. 2017. Resource aware placement of IoT application modules in Fog-Cloud Computing Paradigm. In 2017 IFIP/IEEE Symposium on Integrated Network and Service Management (IM), Lisbon, Portugal, May 8--12, 2017. IEEE, 1222--1228.
[36]
Theodoros Theodoropoulos, Dimitrios Kafetzis, John Violos, Antonios Makris, and Konstantinos Tserpes. 2023. Multi-Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning for Weighted Multi-Path Routing. In Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on Flexible Resource and Application Management on the Edge. 7--11.
[37]
Theodoros Theodoropoulos, Antonios Makris, Abderrahmane Boudi, Tarik Taleb, Uwe Herzog, Luis Rosa, Luis Cordeiro, Konstantinos Tserpes, Elena Spatafora, Alessandro Romussi, et al. 2022. Cloud-based xr services: A survey on relevant challenges and enabling technologies. Journal of Networking and Network Applications 2, 1 (2022), 1--22.
[38]
Theodoros Theodoropoulos, Antonios Makris, Ioannis Kontopoulos, Angelos-Christos Maroudis, and Konstantinos Tserpes. 2023. Multi-Service Demand Forecasting Using Graph Neural Networks. In 2023 IEEE International Conference on Service-Oriented System Engineering (SOSE). IEEE, 218--226.
[39]
Theodoros Theodoropoulos, Antonios Makris, Evangelos Psomakelis, Emanuele Carlini, Matteo Mordacchini, Patrizio Dazzi, and Konstantinos Tserpes. 2023. GNOSIS: Proactive Image Placement Using Graph Neural Networks & Deep Reinforcement Learning. In 2023 IEEE 16th International Conference on Cloud Computing (CLOUD). IEEE, 120--128.
[40]
Wanqing Tu, Xing Jin, and Peter S Excell. 2009. Performance Analysis for Overlay Multimedia Multicast on r-ary Tree and m-D Mesh Topologies. IEEE transactions on multimedia 11, 4 (2009), 696--706.
[41]
Karima Velasquez, David Perez Abreu, Marília Curado, and Edmundo Monteiro. 2017. Service placement for latency reduction in the internet of things. Ann. des Télécommunications 72, 1--2 (2017), 105--115.
[42]
Duncan J Watts and Steven H Strogatz. 1998. Collective dynamics of `small-world'networks. nature 393, 6684 (1998), 440--442.
[43]
Ashkan Yousefpour, Ashish Patil, Genya Ishigaki, Inwoong Kim, Xi Wang, Hakki C. Cankaya, Qiong Zhang, Weisheng Xie, and Jason P. Jue. 2019. FOG-PLAN: A Lightweight QoS-Aware Dynamic Fog Service Provisioning Framework. IEEE Internet Things J. 6, 3 (2019), 5080--5096.
[44]
Ruozhou Yu, Guoliang Xue, and Xiang Zhang. 2018. Application Provisioning in FOG Computing-enabled Internet-of-Things: A Network Perspective. In 2018 IEEE Conference on Computer Communications, INFOCOM 2018, Honolulu, HI, USA, April 16--19, 2018. IEEE, 783--791.
[45]
Aleksandr Zavodovski, Nitinder Mohan, Suzan Bayhan, Walter Wong, and Jussi Kangasharju. 2018. ICON: Intelligent Container Overlays. In Proceedings of the 17th ACM Workshop on Hot Topics in Networks, HotNets 2018, Redmond, WA, USA, November 15--16, 2018. ACM, 15--21.

Recommendations

Comments

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Conferences
FRAME '24: Proceedings of the 4th Workshop on Flexible Resource and Application Management on the Edge
June 2024
64 pages
ISBN:9798400706417
DOI:10.1145/3659994
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution International 4.0 License.

Sponsors

In-Cooperation

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 29 July 2024

Check for updates

Author Tags

  1. edge computing
  2. cloud computing
  3. proactive image placement
  4. application placement
  5. optimization problem

Qualifiers

  • Research-article

Funding Sources

  • EU?s Horizon 2020 CHARITY

Conference

FRAME '24
Sponsor:

Upcoming Conference

Contributors

Other Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

  • 0
    Total Citations
  • 169
    Total Downloads
  • Downloads (Last 12 months)169
  • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)37
Reflects downloads up to 07 Mar 2025

Other Metrics

Citations

View Options

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

PDF

eReader

View online with eReader.

eReader

Login options

Figures

Tables

Media

Share

Share

Share this Publication link

Share on social media