skip to main content
10.1145/3677386.3682081acmconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PagessuiConference Proceedingsconference-collections
research-article
Open access

Annorama: Enabling Immersive At-Desk Annotation Experiences in Virtual Reality with 3D Point Cloud Dioramas

Published: 07 October 2024 Publication History

Abstract

Point cloud annotation plays a pivotal role in computer vision and machine learning by facilitating the creation of volumetric annotations in 3D space. While prior research has explored point cloud annotation in VR environments, its practical implementation in space-constrained office settings, where data annotation is typically conducted, remains an open question. In this paper, we introduce Annorama, an interactive system that translates 3D point cloud scenes into miniature desk-scale dioramas, enabling annotation using a unique family of keyboard-assisted mid-air gestures inspired by direct manipulation. Through a within-subjects study with 16 participants, we demonstrate the feasibility of our system by assessing the efficacy of four types of mid-air gestures for drawing cuboid annotations. Our findings suggest that Annorama allows for rapid and accurate annotation of point cloud data, particularly with the Sizing and Two Point Gestures.

Supplemental Material

MP4 File
"Supplemental Video".
MP4 File
Supplemental Video - Annorama

References

[1]
Wei Tech Ang. 2004. Active tremor compensation in handheld instrument for microsurgery. Ph. D. Dissertation. Carnegie Mellon University, the Robotics Institute.
[2]
Felipe Bacim, Regis Kopper, and Doug A. Bowman. 2013. Design and evaluation of 3D selection techniques based on progressive refinement. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 71, 7 (2013), 785–802. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2013.03.003
[3]
Felipe Bacim, Mahdi Nabiyouni, and Doug A. Bowman. 2014. Slice-n-Swipe: A free-hand gesture user interface for 3D point cloud annotation. In 2014 IEEE Symposium on 3D User Interfaces (3DUI). IEEE, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA, 185–186. https://doi.org/10.1109/3DUI.2014.6798882
[4]
Anil Ufuk Batmaz, Mohammad Rajabi Seraji, Johanna Kneifel, and Wolfgang Stuerzlinger. 2020. No jitter please: Effects of rotational and positional jitter on 3D mid-air interaction. In Proceedings of the Future Technologies Conference. Springer International Publishing, Cham, 792–808.
[5]
Anil Ufuk Batmaz and Wolfgang Stuerzlinger. 2019. The Effect of Rotational Jitter on 3D Pointing Tasks. In Extended Abstracts of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Glasgow, Scotland Uk) (CHI EA ’19). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1145/3290607.3312752
[6]
Verena Biener, Snehanjali Kalamkar, Negar Nouri, Eyal Ofek, Michel Pahud, John J Dudley, Jinghui Hu, Per Ola Kristensson, Maheshya Weerasinghe, Klen Čopič Pucihar, 2022. Quantifying the effects of working in VR for one week. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 28, 11 (2022), 3810–3820.
[7]
Natalia Bogdan, Tovi Grossman, and George Fitzmaurice. 2014. HybridSpace: Integrating 3D freehand input and stereo viewing into traditional desktop applications. In 2014 IEEE Symposium on 3D User Interfaces (3DUI). IEEE, Singapore, 51–58. https://doi.org/10.1109/3DUI.2014.6798842
[8]
Virginia Braun and Victoria Clarke. 2012. Thematic analysis.American Psychological Association.
[9]
John Brooke 1996. SUS-A quick and dirty usability scale. Usability evaluation in industry 189, 194 (1996), 4–7.
[10]
Michelle A Brown, Wolfgang Stuerzlinger, and EJ Mendonça Filho. 2014. The performance of un-instrumented in-air pointing. In Graphics Interface 2014. AK Peters/CRC Press, 59–66.
[11]
Robin Burgess, António J. Falcão, Tiago Fernandes, Rita A. Ribeiro, Miguel Gomes, Alberto Krone-Martins, and André Moitinho de Almeida. 2015. Selection of Large-Scale 3D Point Cloud Data Using Gesture Recognition. In Technological Innovation for Cloud-Based Engineering Systems, Luis M. Camarinha-Matos, Thais A. Baldissera, Giovanni Di Orio, and Francisco Marques (Eds.). Springer International Publishing, Cham, 188–195.
[12]
Stuart K Card, Thomas P Moran, and Allen Newell. 1980. The keystroke-level model for user performance time with interactive systems. Commun. ACM 23, 7 (1980), 396–410.
[13]
Han Chen and Peng Lu. 2022. Real-time identification and avoidance of simultaneous static and dynamic obstacles on point cloud for UAVs navigation. Robotics and Autonomous Systems 154 (2022), 104124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.robot.2022.104124
[14]
Subramanian Chidambaram, Hank Huang, Fengming He, Xun Qian, Ana M Villanueva, Thomas S Redick, Wolfgang Stuerzlinger, and Karthik Ramani. 2021. ProcessAR: An Augmented Reality-Based Tool to Create in-Situ Procedural 2D/3D AR Instructions. In Designing Interactive Systems Conference 2021 (Virtual Event, USA) (DIS ’21). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 234–249. https://doi.org/10.1145/3461778.3462126
[15]
Subramanian Chidambaram, Rahul Jain, Sai Reddy, Asim Unmesh, and Karthik Ramani. 2024. AnnotateXR: An Extended Reality Workflow for Automating Data Annotation to Support Computer Vision Applications. Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering (08 2024), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4066180
[16]
Subramanian Chidambaram, Sai Swarup Reddy, Matthew Rumple, Ananya Ipsita, Ana Villanueva, Thomas Redick, Wolfgang Stuerzlinger, and Karthik Ramani. 2022. EditAR: A Digital Twin Authoring Environment for Creation of AR/VR and Video Instructions from a Single Demonstration. In 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR). IEEE, Singapore, 326–335. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISMAR55827.2022.00048
[17]
A. Cockburn, P. Quinn, C. Gutwin, G. Ramos, and J. Looser. 2011. Air pointing: Design and evaluation of spatial target acquisition with and without visual feedback. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 69, 6 (2011), 401–414. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2011.02.005
[18]
Angela Dai, Angel X. Chang, Manolis Savva, Maciej Halber, Thomas Funkhouser, and Matthias Niessner. 2017. ScanNet: Richly-Annotated 3D Reconstructions of Indoor Scenes. In Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR). IEEE, New York, NY, USA, 5828–5839.
[19]
Achref Doula, Tobias Güdelhöfer, Andrii Matviienko, Max Mühlhäuser, and Alejandro Sanchez Guinea. 2022. Immersive-Labeler: Immersive Annotation of Large-Scale 3D Point Clouds in Virtual Reality. In ACM SIGGRAPH 2022 Posters (Vancouver, BC, Canada) (SIGGRAPH ’22). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 27, 2 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3532719.3543249
[20]
Achref Doula, Tobias Güdelhöfer, Andrii Matviienko, Max Mühlhäuser, and Alejandro Sanchez Guinea. 2023. PointCloudLab: An Environment for 3D Point Cloud Annotation with Adapted Visual Aids and Levels of Immersion. In 2023 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA). 11640–11646. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICRA48891.2023.10160225
[21]
Martin Ester, Hans-Peter Kriegel, Jörg Sander, and Xiaowei Xu. 1996. A Density-Based Algorithm for Discovering Clusters in Large Spatial Databases with Noise. In Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining(KDD’96). AAAI Press, Portland, Oregon, 226–231.
[22]
Anton Franzluebbers, Changying Li, Andrew Paterson, and Kyle Johnsen. 2022. Virtual Reality Point Cloud Annotation. In Proceedings of the 2022 ACM Symposium on Spatial User Interaction (Online, CA, USA) (SUI ’22). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 14, 11 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3565970.3567696
[23]
Daniel Garrido, Rui Rodrigues, A. Augusto Sousa, Joao Jacob, and Daniel Castro Silva. 2021. Point Cloud Interaction and Manipulation in Virtual Reality. In 2021 5th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Virtual Reality (AIVR) (Kumamoto, Japan) (AIVR 2021). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 15–20. https://doi.org/10.1145/3480433.3480437
[24]
Alexander Giovannelli, Lee Lisle, and Doug A. Bowman. 2022. Exploring the Impact of Visual Information on Intermittent Typing in Virtual Reality. In 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR). 8–17. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISMAR55827.2022.00014
[25]
Jens Grubert, Eyal Ofek, Michel Pahud, and Per Ola Kristensson. 2018. The Office of the Future: Virtual, Portable, and Global. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications 38, 6 (2018), 125–133. https://doi.org/10.1109/MCG.2018.2875609
[26]
Sandra G Hart and Lowell E Staveland. 1988. Development of NASA-TLX (Task Load Index): Results of empirical and theoretical research. In Advances in psychology. Vol. 52. Elsevier, USA, 139–183.
[27]
Björn Hartmann, Leith Abdulla, Manas Mittal, and Scott R. Klemmer. 2007. Authoring sensor-based interactions by demonstration with direct manipulation and pattern recognition. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (San Jose, California, USA) (CHI ’07). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 145–154. https://doi.org/10.1145/1240624.1240646
[28]
Devamardeep Hayatpur, Seongkook Heo, Haijun Xia, Wolfgang Stuerzlinger, and Daniel Wigdor. 2019. Plane, ray, and point: Enabling precise spatial manipulations with shape constraints. In Proceedings of the 32nd Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1185–1195.
[29]
Devamardeep Hayatpur, Seongkook Heo, Haijun Xia, Wolfgang Stuerzlinger, and Daniel Wigdor. 2019. Plane, Ray, and Point: Enabling Precise Spatial Manipulations with Shape Constraints. In Proceedings of the 32nd Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (New Orleans, LA, USA) (UIST ’19). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1185–1195. https://doi.org/10.1145/3332165.3347916
[30]
Ken Hinckley, Koji Yatani, Michel Pahud, Nicole Coddington, Jenny Rodenhouse, Andy Wilson, Hrvoje Benko, and Bill Buxton. 2010. Pen + Touch = New Tools. In Proceedings of the 23nd Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (New York, New York, USA) (UIST ’10). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 27–36. https://doi.org/10.1145/1866029.1866036
[31]
Edwin L Hutchins, James D Hollan, and Donald A Norman. 1985. Direct manipulation interfaces. Human–computer interaction 1, 4 (1985), 311–338.
[32]
Ananya Ipsita, Runlin Duan, Hao Li, Subramanian C, Yuanzhi Cao, Min Liu, Alexander J Quinn, and Karthik Ramani. 2023. The Design of a Virtual Prototyping System for Authoring Interactive VR Environments from Real World Scans. Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering (07 2023), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4062970
[33]
Ananya Ipsita, Hao Li, Runlin Duan, Yuanzhi Cao, Subramanian Chidambaram, Min Liu, and Karthik Ramani. 2021. VRFromX: From Scanned Reality to Interactive Virtual Experience with Human-in-the-Loop. In Extended Abstracts of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Yokohama, Japan) (CHI EA ’21). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 289, 7 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3411763.3451747
[34]
Katja Krug, Marc Satkowski, Reuben Docea, Tzu-Yu Ku, and Raimund Dachselt. 2023. Point Cloud Alignment through Mid-Air Gestures on a Stereoscopic Display. In Extended Abstracts of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Hamburg, Germany) (CHI EA ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 230, 7 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544549.3585862
[35]
Loic Landrieu and Mohamed Boussaha. 2019. Point cloud oversegmentation with graph-structured deep metric learning. In Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. 7440–7449.
[36]
Mingyu Liu, Mathieu Nancel, and Daniel Vogel. 2015. Gunslinger: Subtle Arms-down Mid-Air Interaction. In Proceedings of the 28th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software & Technology (Charlotte, NC, USA) (UIST ’15). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 63–71. https://doi.org/10.1145/2807442.2807489
[37]
Paul Lubos, Rüdiger Beimler, Markus Lammers, and Frank Steinicke. 2014. Touching the Cloud: Bimanual annotation of immersive point clouds. In 2014 IEEE Symposium on 3D User Interfaces (3DUI). 191–192. https://doi.org/10.1109/3DUI.2014.6798885
[38]
Kevis-Kokitsi Maninis, Sergi Caelles, Jordi Pont-Tuset, and Luc Van Gool. 2018. Deep Extreme Cut: From Extreme Points to Object Segmentation. In Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR). IEEE, New York, NY, USA.
[39]
Mark Mcgill, Aidan Kehoe, Euan Freeman, and Stephen Brewster. 2020. Expanding the Bounds of Seated Virtual Workspaces. ACM Trans. Comput.-Hum. Interact. 27, 3, Article 13 (may 2020), 40 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3380959
[40]
Daniel Mendes, Fabio Marco Caputo, Andrea Giachetti, Alfredo Ferreira, and Joaquim Jorge. 2019. A survey on 3d virtual object manipulation: From the desktop to immersive virtual environments. In Computer graphics forum, Vol. 38. Wiley Online Library, 21–45.
[41]
Riccardo Monica, Jacopo Aleotti, Michael Zillich, and Markus Vincze. 2017. Multi-label point cloud annotation by selection of sparse control points. In 2017 International Conference on 3D Vision (3DV). IEEE, 301–308.
[42]
Mong H Ng, Kaahan Radia, Jianfei Chen, Dequan Wang, Ionel Gog, and Joseph E Gonzalez. 2020. Bev-seg: Bird’s eye view semantic segmentation using geometry and semantic point cloud. arXiv preprint arXiv:2006.11436 (2020).
[43]
Anh Nguyen and Bac Le. 2013. 3D point cloud segmentation: A survey. In 2013 6th IEEE Conference on Robotics, Automation and Mechatronics (RAM). 225–230. https://doi.org/10.1109/RAM.2013.6758588
[44]
Cuong Nguyen, Stephen DiVerdi, Aaron Hertzmann, and Feng Liu. 2017. Vremiere: In-Headset Virtual Reality Video Editing. In Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 5428–5438. https://doi.org/10.1145/3025453.3025675
[45]
Benjamin Nuernberger, Eyal Ofek, Hrvoje Benko, and Andrew D. Wilson. 2016. SnapToReality: Aligning Augmented Reality to the Real World. In Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (San Jose, California, USA) (CHI ’16). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1233–1244. https://doi.org/10.1145/2858036.2858250
[46]
Dan R. Olsen. 2007. Evaluating User Interface Systems Research. In Proceedings of the 20th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (Newport, Rhode Island, USA) (UIST ’07). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 251–258. https://doi.org/10.1145/1294211.1294256
[47]
Leonardo Pavanatto, Shakiba Davari, Carmen Badea, Richard Stoakley, and Doug A Bowman. 2023. Virtual monitors vs. physical monitors: an empirical comparison for productivity work. Frontiers in Virtual Reality 4 (2023), 1215820.
[48]
Karthik Ramani, Subramaniam Chidambaram, Hank Huang, and Fengming He. 2022. System and method for generating asynchronous augmented reality instructions. US Patent 11,380,069.
[49]
Karthik Ramani, Subramaniam Chidambaram, and Sai Swarup Reddy. 2024. Digital twin authoring and editing environment for creation of ar/vr and video instructions from a single demonstration. US Patent App. 18/480,173.
[50]
Nikhila Ravi, Jeremy Reizenstein, David Novotny, Taylor Gordon, Wan-Yen Lo, Justin Johnson, and Georgia Gkioxari. 2020. Accelerating 3D Deep Learning with PyTorch3D. arXiv:2007.08501 (2020).
[51]
Amy Rechkemmer, Alex C Williams, Matthew Lease, and Li Erran Li. 2023. Characterizing Time Spent in Video Object Tracking Annotation Tasks: A Study of Task Complexity in Vehicle Tracking. In Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Human Computation and Crowdsourcing, Vol. 11. 140–151.
[52]
Gang Ren and Eamonn O’Neill. 2013. 3D selection with freehand gesture. Computers & Graphics 37, 3 (2013), 101–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cag.2012.12.006
[53]
Grand View Research. 2021. Data Collection And Labeling Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report By Data Type (Audio, Image/ Video, Text), By Vertical (IT, Automotive, Government, Healthcare, BFSI), By Region, And Segment Forecasts, 2023 - 2030. Retrieved April 3, from https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/data-collection-labeling-market.
[54]
Bryan C. Russell and Antonio Torralba. 2009. Building a database of 3D scenes from user annotations. In 2009 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. 2711–2718. https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPR.2009.5206643
[55]
Anastasia Ruvimova, Junhyeok Kim, Thomas Fritz, Mark Hancock, and David C. Shepherd. 2020. "Transport Me Away": Fostering Flow in Open Offices through Virtual Reality. In Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Honolulu, HI, USA) (CHI ’20). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376724
[56]
Khaled Saleh, Ahmed Abobakr, Mohammed Attia, Julie Iskander, Darius Nahavandi, Mohammed Hossny, and Saeid Nahvandi. 2019. Domain Adaptation for Vehicle Detection from Bird’s Eye View LiDAR Point Cloud Data. In Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) Workshops.
[57]
Nikil Saval. 2015. Cubed: The Secret History of the Workplace. Anchor.
[58]
Jonathan Dyssel Stets, Yongbin Sun, Wiley Corning, and Scott W. Greenwald. 2017. Visualization and Labeling of Point Clouds in Virtual Reality. In SIGGRAPH Asia 2017 Posters (Bangkok, Thailand) (SA ’17). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 31, 2 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3145690.3145729
[59]
Richard Stoakley, Matthew J. Conway, and Randy Pausch. 1995. Virtual Reality on a WIM: Interactive Worlds in Miniature. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Denver, Colorado, USA) (CHI ’95). ACM Press/Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., USA, 265–272. https://doi.org/10.1145/223904.223938
[60]
Pei Sun, Henrik Kretzschmar, Xerxes Dotiwalla, Aurelien Chouard, Vijaysai Patnaik, Paul Tsui, James Guo, Yin Zhou, Yuning Chai, Benjamin Caine, Vijay Vasudevan, Wei Han, Jiquan Ngiam, Hang Zhao, Aleksei Timofeev, Scott Ettinger, Maxim Krivokon, Amy Gao, Aditya Joshi, Yu Zhang, Jonathon Shlens, Zhifeng Chen, and Dragomir Anguelov. 2020. Scalability in Perception for Autonomous Driving: Waymo Open Dataset. In Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR).
[61]
Robert J. Teather and Wolfgang Stuerzlinger. 2007. Guidelines for 3D Positioning Techniques. In Proceedings of the 2007 Conference on Future Play (Toronto, Canada) (Future Play ’07). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 61–68. https://doi.org/10.1145/1328202.1328214
[62]
Tech Times. 2022. Meta’s Oculus Quest 2: Top-Selling VR Headset in 2021. https://www.techtimes.com/articles/273303/20220321/meta-s-oculus-quest-2-top-selling-vr-headset-2021.htm Accessed: 2023-09-14.
[63]
Asim Unmesh, Rahul Jain, Jingyu Shi, V. K. Chaithanya Manam, Hyung-Gun Chi, Subramanian Chidambaram, Alexander Quinn, and Karthik Ramani. 2024. Interacting Objects: A Dataset of Object-Object Interactions for Richer Dynamic Scene Representations. IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters 9, 1 (2024), 451–458. https://doi.org/10.1109/LRA.2023.3332554
[64]
Julien Valentin, Vibhav Vineet, Ming-Ming Cheng, David Kim, Jamie Shotton, Pushmeet Kohli, Matthias Nießner, Antonio Criminisi, Shahram Izadi, and Philip Torr. 2015. SemanticPaint: Interactive 3D Labeling and Learning at Your Fingertips. ACM Trans. Graph. 34, 5, Article 154 (nov 2015), 17 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/2751556
[65]
Manuel Veit, Antonio Capobianco, and Dominique Bechmann. 2009. Influence of Degrees of Freedom’s Manipulation on Performances during Orientation Tasks in Virtual Reality Environments. In Proceedings of the 16th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology (Kyoto, Japan) (VRST ’09). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 51–58. https://doi.org/10.1145/1643928.1643942
[66]
Vinayak, Sundar Murugappan, Cecil Piya, and Karthik Ramani. 2013. Handy-Potter: Rapid Exploration of Rotationally Symmetric Shapes Through Natural Hand Motions. Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering 13, 2 (04 2013), 021008. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4023588
[67]
Bernie Wang, Virginia Wu, Bichen Wu, and Kurt Keutzer. 2019. LATTE: Accelerating LiDAR Point Cloud Annotation via Sensor Fusion, One-Click Annotation, and Tracking. In 2019 IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference (ITSC). 265–272. https://doi.org/10.1109/ITSC.2019.8916980
[68]
Ding Wang, Shantanu Prabhat, and Nithya Sambasivan. 2022. Whose AI Dream? In Search of the Aspiration in Data Annotation. In Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (New Orleans, LA, USA) (CHI ’22). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 582, 16 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3491102.3502121
[69]
Zeyu Wang, Cuong Nguyen, Paul Asente, and Julie Dorsey. 2023. PointShopAR: Supporting Environmental Design Prototyping Using Point Cloud in Augmented Reality. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Hamburg, Germany) (CHI ’23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 34, 15 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3580776
[70]
Colin Ware, Kevin Arthur, and Kellogg S. Booth. 1993. Fish Tank Virtual Reality. In Proceedings of the INTERACT ’93 and CHI ’93 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Amsterdam, The Netherlands) (CHI ’93). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 37–42. https://doi.org/10.1145/169059.169066
[71]
Florian Wirth, Jannik Quehl, Jeffrey Ota, and Christoph Stiller. 2019. PointAtMe: Efficient 3D Point Cloud Labeling in Virtual Reality. In 2019 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV). 1693–1698. https://doi.org/10.1109/IVS.2019.8814115
[72]
Yu-Shiang Wong, Hung-Kuo Chu, and Niloy J Mitra. 2015. Smartannotator an interactive tool for annotating indoor rgbd images. In Computer Graphics Forum, Vol. 34. Wiley Online Library, 447–457.
[73]
Kevin Yu, Alexander Winkler, Frieder Pankratz, Marc Lazarovici, Dirk Wilhelm, Ulrich Eck, Daniel Roth, and Nassir Navab. 2021. Magnoramas: Magnifying Dioramas for Precise Annotations in Asymmetric 3D Teleconsultation. In 2021 IEEE Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR). 392–401. https://doi.org/10.1109/VR50410.2021.00062
[74]
Qian Zhou, George Fitzmaurice, and Fraser Anderson. 2022. In-Depth Mouse: Integrating Desktop Mouse into Virtual Reality. In Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (New Orleans, LA, USA) (CHI ’22). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 354, 17 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3491102.3501884
[75]
Brian Zimmer, Cynthia Liutkus-Pierce, Scott T Marshall, Kevin G Hatala, Adam Metallo, and Vincent Rossi. 2018. Using differential structure-from-motion photogrammetry to quantify erosion at the Engare Sero footprint site, Tanzania. Quaternary Science Reviews 198 (2018), 226–241.
[76]
Walter Zimmer, Akshay Rangesh, and Mohan Trivedi. 2019. 3D BAT: A Semi-Automatic, Web-based 3D Annotation Toolbox for Full-Surround, Multi-Modal Data Streams. In 2019 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV). 1816–1821. https://doi.org/10.1109/IVS.2019.8814071

Index Terms

  1. Annorama: Enabling Immersive At-Desk Annotation Experiences in Virtual Reality with 3D Point Cloud Dioramas

    Recommendations

    Comments

    Information & Contributors

    Information

    Published In

    cover image ACM Conferences
    SUI '24: Proceedings of the 2024 ACM Symposium on Spatial User Interaction
    October 2024
    396 pages
    ISBN:9798400710889
    DOI:10.1145/3677386
    This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution International 4.0 License.

    Sponsors

    Publisher

    Association for Computing Machinery

    New York, NY, United States

    Publication History

    Published: 07 October 2024

    Check for updates

    Author Tags

    1. Virtual reality
    2. annotator productivity.
    3. point cloud data annotation

    Qualifiers

    • Research-article
    • Research
    • Refereed limited

    Conference

    SUI '24

    Acceptance Rates

    Overall Acceptance Rate 86 of 279 submissions, 31%

    Contributors

    Other Metrics

    Bibliometrics & Citations

    Bibliometrics

    Article Metrics

    • 0
      Total Citations
    • 171
      Total Downloads
    • Downloads (Last 12 months)171
    • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)36
    Reflects downloads up to 16 Feb 2025

    Other Metrics

    Citations

    View Options

    View options

    PDF

    View or Download as a PDF file.

    PDF

    eReader

    View online with eReader.

    eReader

    HTML Format

    View this article in HTML Format.

    HTML Format

    Login options

    Figures

    Tables

    Media

    Share

    Share

    Share this Publication link

    Share on social media