skip to main content
10.1145/511446.511530acmconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PageswwwConference Proceedingsconference-collections
Article

Mobile streaming media CDN enabled by dynamic SMIL

Authors Info & Claims
Published:07 May 2002Publication History

ABSTRACT

In this paper, we present a mobile streaming media CDN (Content Delivery Network) architecture in which content segmentation, request routing, pre-fetch scheduling, and session handoff are controlled by SMIL (Synchronized Multimedia Integrated Language) modification. In this architecture, mobile clients simply follow modified SMIL files downloaded from a streaming portal server; these modifications enable multimedia content to be delivered to the mobile clients from the best surrogates in the CDN. The key components of this architecture are 1) content segmentation with SMIL modification, 2) on-demand rewriting of URLs in SMIL, 3) pre-fetch scheduling based on timing information derived from SMIL, 4) SMIL updates by SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) messaging for session handoffs due to clients mobility. We also introduce QoS control with a network agent called an "RTP monitoring agent" to enable appropriate control of media quality based on both network congestion and radio link conditions. The current status of our prototyping on a mobile QoS testbed "MOBIQ" is reported in this paper. We are currently designing the SOAP-based APIs (Application Programmable Interfaces) needed for the mobile streaming media CDN and building the CDN over the current testbed.

References

  1. Akamai Technologies, Inc., http://www.akamai.com/.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  2. Digital Island, http://www.digisle.com/.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  3. NTT DoCoMo, Inc., i-mode, http://www.nttdocomo.co.jp/english/i/index.html.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  4. WAP Forum, Wireless Access Protocol, http://www.wapforum.org.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  5. NTT DoCoMo, Inc., FOMA (Freedom Of Mobile multimedia Access), http://foma.nttdocomo.co.jp/english/.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  6. 3GPP TS 26.234 v 4.1.0, Transparent end-to-end packet switched streaming service (PSS); Protocol and codecs, September 2001.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  7. R. Rejaie and J. Kangasharju, "Mocha: A Quality Adaptive Multimedia Proxy Cache for Internet Streaming," In Proceedings of NOSSDAV 2001, 2001. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  8. R. Rejaie, H. Yu, M. Handley, and D. Estrin, "Multimedia Proxy Caching Mechanism for Quality Adaptive Streaming Applications in the Internet," In Proceedings of INFOCOM 2000, 2000.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  9. J. Kangasharju, F. Hartanto, M. Reisslein, and K. W. Ross, "Distributing Layered Encoded Video through Caches," In Proceedings of INFOCOM 2001, 2001.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  10. S. Sen, J. Rexford, and D. Towsley, "Proxy prefix caching for multimedia streams," In Proceedings of INFOCOM'99, 1999.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  11. E. Bommaiah, K. Guo, M. Hofmann, and S. Paul, "Design and Implementation of a Caching System for Streaming Media over the Internet," In Proceedings of Real-time Technology and Applications Symposium (RTAS 2000), 2000. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  12. Z. Miao and A. Ortega, "Proxy Caching for Efficient Video Services over the Internet," In Proceedings of Packet Video Workshop 1999, 1999.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  13. K-L. Wu, P. S. Yu, and J. L. Wolf, "Segment-Based Proxy Caching of Multimedia Streams," In Proceedings of the 10th International World Wide Web Conference, May 2000. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  14. S-J. Lee, W-Y. Ma, and B. Shen, "An Interactive Video Delivery and Caching System Using Video Summarization," In Proceedings of WCW 2001, 2001.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  15. C. D. Cranor, M. Green, C. Kalmanek, D. Shur, S. Sibal, J. E. Van der Merwe, and C. J. Sreenan, "Enhanced Streaming Services in a Content Distribution Network," IEEE Internet Computing, Vol. 5, No. 4, July--August 2001. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  16. Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL 2.0), W3C Recommendation, August 2001. http://www.w3.org/TR/smil20/.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  17. Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 (Second Edition), W3C Recommendation, October 2000. http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  18. A. Barbir, B. Cain, F. Douglis, M. Green, M. Hofmann, R. Nair, D. Potter, and O. Spatscheck, "Known CDN Request-Routing Mechanisms," IETF Internet-Draft, draft-cain-cdnp-known-request-routing-03.txt (work in progress), November 2001.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  19. Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) 1.1, W3C Note, May 2000. http://www.w3.org/TR/SOAP/.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  20. T. Yoshimura, T. Ohya, T. Kawahara, and M. Etoh, "Rate and Robustness Control with RTP Monitoring Agent for Mobile Multimedia Streaming," In Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC) 2002, April 2002.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  21. T. Yoshimura, T. Kawahara, T. Ohya, and M. Etoh, "QoS Control Architecture with RTP Monitoring Agent for Mobile Multimedia Streaming," IPSJ Symposium on Multimedia, Distributed, Cooperative and Mobile Systems (DICOMO 2001), June 2001.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  22. R. Fielding, J. Gettys, J. Mogul, H. Frystyk, L. Masinter, P. Leach, and T. Berners-Lee, "Hypertext Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.1," IETF RFC 2616, June 1999. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  23. H. Schulzrinne, A. Rao, and R. Lanphier, "Real Time Streaming Protocol," IETF RFC 2326, April 1998. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  24. H. Schulzrinne, S. Casner, R. Frederick, and V. Jacobson, "RTP: A Transport Protocol for Real-Time Applications," IETF RFC 1889, January 1996.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  25. XML Path Language (XPath) Version 1.0, W3C Recommendation, November 1999. http://www.w3.org/TR/xpathGoogle ScholarGoogle Scholar
  26. M. Handley, J. Padhye, S. Floyd, and J. Widmer, "TCP Friendly Rate Control (TFRC): Protocol Specification," Internet-Draft draft-ietf-tsvwg-tfrc-01.txt (work in progress), Internet Engineering Task Force, March 2001. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  27. S. Floyd, M. Handley, J. Padhye, and J. Widmer, "Equation-based congestion control for unicast application," In Proceedings of SIGCOMM '00, pp. 57--66, 2000. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  28. J. Padhye, J. Kurose, D. Towsley, and R. Koodli, "A model based TCP-friendly rate control protocol," In Proceedings of NOSSDAV '99, 1999.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  29. D. Sisalem and H. Schulzrinne, "The loss-delay based adjustment algorithm: A TCP-friendly adaptation scheme," In Proceedings of NOSSDAV '98, pp. 215--226, July 1998.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  30. R. Rejaie, M. Handley, and D. Estrin, "RAP: An end-to-end rate-based congestion control mechanism for realtime streams in the Internet," In Proceedings of INFOCOM '99, 1999.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  31. J. Rosenberg and H. Schulzrinne, "An RTP Payload Format for Generic Forward Error Correction," IETF RFC2733, December 1999. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  32. T. Yoshimura, T. Ohya, H. Matsuoka, and M. Etoh, "Design and Implementation of Mobile QoS Testbed MOBIQ for Multimedia Delivery Services," In Proceedings of Packet Video Workshop 2002, April 2002.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  33. S. Blake, D. Black, M. Carlson, E. Davies, Z. Wang, and W. Weiss, "An Architecture for Differentiated Services," IETF RFC 2475, December 1998. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  34. K. Cho, "Managing Traffic with ALTQ," In Proceedings of USENIX 1999, June 1999. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  35. Demers, S. Keshav, and S. Shenker, "Analysis and simulation of a fair queueing algorithm," In Proceedings of SIGCOMM '89, September 1989. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  36. S. Floyd and V. Jacobson, "Link-sharing and resource management models for packet networks," IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, Vol. 3, No. 4, August 1995. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  37. S. Floyd and V. Jacobson, "Random early detection gateways for congestion avoidance," IEEE/ACM Transaction on Networking, Vol. 1, No. 4, pp. 397--413, August 1993. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  38. D. D. Clark and W. Fang, "Explicit Allocation of Best Effort Packet Delivery Service," ACM Transactions on Networking, August 1998. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  39. IETF Policy Framework working group, http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/policy-charter.html.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  40. H. Inamura, T. Ishikawa, and O. Takahashi, "Evaluation of TCP traffic over W-CDMA network," IPSJ Technical Report, MBL18-33, September 2001. (in Japanese)Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  41. 3GPP TS 25.322 v 3.5.0, RLC Protocol Specification, December 2000.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  42. S. Casner and V. Jacobson, "Compressing IP/UDP/RTP headers for low-speed serial links," IETF RFC 2508, February 1999. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  43. C. Bormann, C. Burmeister, M. Degermark, H. Fukushima, H. Hannu, L-E. Jonsson, R. Hakeberg, T. Koren, K. Le, Z. Liu, A. Martensson, A. Miyazaki, K. Svanbro, T. Wiebke, T. Yoshimura, and H. Zheng, "Robust header compression (ROHC): Framework and four profiles: RTP, UDP, ESP, and uncompressed," IETF RFC3095, July 2001. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  44. T. Yoshimura, T. Kawahara, T. Suzuki, and M. Etoh, "Multi-Reference Compression of IP/UDP/RTP Headers for Wireless Communications," In Proceedings of Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications (WPMC) 2000, pp. 397--402, November 2000.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  45. M. Handley and V. Jacobson, "SDP: Session Description Protocol," IETF RFC 2327, April 1998. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  46. International Standard ISO/IEC 14496-1: "Information technology - Coding of audio-visual objects -- Part 1: Systems", 2000.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar
  47. R. Hjelsvold, S. Vdaygiri, and Y. Leaute, "Web-based Personalization and Management of Interactive Video," the 10th International World Wide Web Conference, May 2001. Google ScholarGoogle ScholarDigital LibraryDigital Library
  48. S. Sekiguchi, M. Etoh, K. Emura, W. Fujikawa, K. Masumitsu, and T. Echigo, "Video Digest Delivery using MPEG-7 Media Structure Description and its Authoring System", IEICE Technical Report, PRMU2001-92, September 2001.Google ScholarGoogle Scholar

Index Terms

  1. Mobile streaming media CDN enabled by dynamic SMIL

          Recommendations

          Comments

          Login options

          Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

          Sign in
          • Published in

            cover image ACM Conferences
            WWW '02: Proceedings of the 11th international conference on World Wide Web
            May 2002
            754 pages
            ISBN:1581134495
            DOI:10.1145/511446

            Copyright © 2002 ACM

            Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

            Publisher

            Association for Computing Machinery

            New York, NY, United States

            Publication History

            • Published: 7 May 2002

            Permissions

            Request permissions about this article.

            Request Permissions

            Check for updates

            Qualifiers

            • Article

            Acceptance Rates

            Overall Acceptance Rate1,899of8,196submissions,23%

          PDF Format

          View or Download as a PDF file.

          PDF

          eReader

          View online with eReader.

          eReader