Marcel Götze
ABSTRACT
This paper introduces the intelligent pen metaphor, an approach to uniformly treat interaction with electronic documents, especially for marking and annotating a document. This enables an easier handling of electronic documents also for novice and inexperienced users. Interaction tasks are combined in one metaphor that is well known to the user from his or her daily work with paper documents. We also present a prototypical implementation that exploits an alternative user interface to offer additional support for these users. All information added to the document by a user is stored together with the original text allowing an easy document exchange and thus having influence on collaborative work. The main contribution of this paper is the support of interactive learning processes. This pertains to active reading as well as document navigation.
- Mortimer J. Adler and Charles van Doren. How to Read a Book. Simon & Schuster, New York, 1972.Google Scholar
- Steve B. Cousins, Michelle Baldonado, and Andreas Paepcke. A Systems View of Annotations. Technical Report P9910022, Xerox PARC, 2000.Google Scholar
- Charles F. Goldfarb and Paul Prescod. The XML Handbook. Charles F. Goldfarb Series on Open Information Management. Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 3rd edition, 2000. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Gene Golovchinsky, Morgan N. Price, and Bill N. Schilit. From Reading to Retrieval: Freeform Ink Annotations as Queries. In Proceedings of SIGIR'99, the 22nd Annual ACM Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (Berkeley, August 1999), pages 19-25, New York, 1999. ACM Press. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Gary Hardock, Gordon Kurtenbach, and William Buxton. A Marking Based Interface For Collaborative Writing. In Proceedings UIST'93, the ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (Atlanta, November1993), pages 259-266, New York, 1993. ACM Press. Google Scholar
- Catherine C. Marshall. Toward an Ecology of Hypertext Annotation. In Proceedings UK Conference on Hypertext '98, pages 40-49, 1998. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Kenton O'Hara. Towards a Typology of Reading Goals. Technical Report EPC-1996-107, Rank Xerox Research Centre, 1996.Google Scholar
- Kenton O'Hara and Abigail Sellen. A Comparison of Reading Paper and On-Line Documents. In Proceedings of CHI'97 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Atlanta, March 1997), pages 335-342, New York, 1997. ACM Press. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Morgan N. Price, Gene Golovchinsky, and Bill N. Schilit. Linking by Inking: Trailblazing in a Paper-like Hypertext. In Proceedings UK Conference on Hypertext '98, pages 30-39. ACM Press, 1998. Google ScholarDigital Library
- Bill N. Schilit, Gene Golovchinsky, and Morgan N. Price. Beyond Paper: Supporting Active Reading with Free Form Digital Ink Annotations. In Proceedings of CHI'98 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Los Angeles, April 1998), pages 249-256, New York, 1998. ACM Press. Google ScholarDigital Library
- SVG Working Group. Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) 1.0 Specification. Technical Report REC-SVG-20010904, World Wide Web Consortium, 2001.Google Scholar
- Wacom Technology Co. Wacom Tablet PL-400 Product Specifications. Online in Internet: URL: http://www.wacom-europe.com/uk/products/pl-series/index.asp {Cited 2002-02-08}.Google Scholar
- Andrew H. Watt. Designing SVG Web Graphics. New Riders Publishing, Indianapolis, 2001. Google ScholarDigital Library
- The intelligent pen: toward a uniform treatment of electronic documents
Recommendations
Reading of electronic documents: the usability of linear, fisheye, and overview+detail interfaces
CHI '01: Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing SystemsReading of electronic documents is becoming increasingly important as more information is disseminated electronically. We present an experiment that compares the usability of a linear, a fisheye, and an overview+detail interface for electronic ...
Reading patterns and usability in visualizations of electronic documents
We present an exploration of reading patterns and usability in visualizations of electronic documents. Twenty subjects wrote essays and answered questions about scientific documents using an overview+detail, a fisheye, and a linear interface. We study ...
Retrospective on UI description languages, based on eight years' experience with the User Interface Markup Language (UIML)
In this article, we reflect on the experiences of the project to develop and evolve the User Interface Markup Language (UIML), starting from its origin in 1997. We have two objectives in our discussion. First, we suggest one possible vision of a ...
Comments