The general problem of computing languages: Their nature, function and translation.

The increasing use of expensive computing equipment has, as nearly everyone now knows, led to equally or even more expensive programming requirements. Several powerful systems of “software” are now available which attempt to bridge the gap between man and machine. However, the development time and cost, the complexity and the relative inflexibility of systems as currently implemented have reached a critical level.

Not inconsiderable attempts at standardizations of wide utility have been made but we seem unable to apply even standardized equipment to a wide spectrum of problems efficiently. The expense, difficulty and time involved in major projects—no matter how worthwhile—are demanding that simplifying principles be discovered and applied.